AMD SEV Confidential Computing Vulnerability
AMD ID: AMD-SB-3019
Potential Impact: Loss of the SEV-based protection of a confidential guest.
Severity: High
Summary
Researchers from Google® have provided AMD with information on a potential vulnerability that, if successfully exploited, could lead to the loss of SEV-based protection of a confidential guest.
AMD has made available a mitigation for this issue which requires updating microcode on all impacted platforms to help prevent an attacker from loading malicious microcode. Additionally, an SEV firmware update is required for some platforms to support SEV-SNP attestation. Updating the system BIOS image and rebooting the platform will enable attestation of the mitigation. A confidential guest can verify the mitigation has been enabled on the target platform through the SEV-SNP attestation report. Please see the Mitigation section below.
CVE Details
Refer to Glossary for explanation of terms
CVE |
CVSS Severity |
CVE Description |
CVE-2024-56161 |
7.2 (High) CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N |
Improper signature verification in AMD CPU ROM microcode patch loader may allow an attacker with local administrator privilege to load malicious CPU microcode resulting in loss of confidentiality and integrity of a confidential guest running under AMD SEV-SNP. |
Affected Products and Mitigation
The AGESA™ versions listed below have been released to the Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) to mitigate these issues. Please refer to your OEM for the BIOS update specific to your product.
Data Center
To confirm the recommended mitigation is installed, you can verify by referring to the microcode version(s) listed below each PI version.
Code Name |
Family |
CPUID |
Naples |
AMD EPYC™ 7001 Series |
0x00800F12 |
Rome |
AMD EPYC™ 7002 Series |
0x00830F10 |
Milan |
AMD EPYC™ 7003 Series |
0x00A00F11 |
Milan-X |
AMD EPYC™ 7003 Series |
0x00A00F12 |
Genoa |
AMD EPYC™ 9004 Series |
0x00A10F11 |
Genoa-X |
AMD EPYC™ 9004 Series |
0x00A10F12 |
Bergamo/Siena |
AMD EPYC™ 9004 Series |
0x00AA0F02 |
Turin |
AMD EPYC™ 9005 Series |
0x00B00F21 |
CVE |
Mitigation (Minimum Versions) |
||||
AMD EPYC™ 7001 Series “Naples” |
AMD EPYC™ 7002 Series “Rome” |
AMD EPYC™ 7003 Series “Milan” |
AMD EPYC™ 9004 Series “Genoa” |
||
CVE-2024-56161 |
7.2 (High) |
Naples B2 uCode: 0x08001278
Delivered in NaplesPI 1.0.0.P1 (Release: 2024-12-13) |
Rome B0 uCode: 0x0830107D
Delivered in RomePI 1.0.0.L1 (Release: 2024-12-13) |
SEV FW 1.55.29 (hex 1.37.1D) TCB[SNP] = 0x18
uCode Milan : 0x0A0011DB Milan-X : 0x0A001244
Delivered in : MilanPI 1.0.0.F2 (Release: 2024-12-13) |
SEV FW 1.55.40 (hex 1.37.28) TCB[SNP] = 0x17
uCode Genoa: 0x0A101154 Genoa-X: 0x0A10124F Bergamo/Siena: 0x0AA00219
Delivered in: Genoa 1.0.0.E3 (Release: 2024-12-16) |
- Microcode cannot be hot-loaded after updating to this PI version
- Minimum MilanPI_1.0.0.F is required to allow for hot-loading future microcode versions higher than those listed in the PI. #GP fault will occur if attempting to hot load microcode on older BIOS.
- Minimum GenoaPI_1.0.0.E is required to allow for hot-loading future microcode versions higher than those listed in the PI. #GP fault will occur if attempting to hot load microcode on older BIOS.
CVE |
Mitigation (Minimum Versions) |
||
AMD EPYC™ 4004 Series “Raphael” |
AMD EPYC™ 9005 Series “Turin” |
||
CVE-2024-56161 |
7.2 (High) |
ComboAM5PI 1.0.0.a (Release: 2025-01-07)
ComboAM5PI 1.0.0.4 (Release: Jan’25)
ComboAM5PI 1.2.0.3 (Release: 2025-01-08) |
SEV FW 1.55.59 (hex 1.37.3B)
uCode Turin C1: 0x0B002147 Dense B0: 0x0B101047 Turin PI 1.0.0.54 (Target: Apr’25) |
- Minimum TurinPI_1.0.0.4 is required to allow for hot-loading future microcode versions higher than those listed in the PI. #GP fault will occur if attempting to hot load microcode on older BIOS.
SEV Table
CVE ID |
SEV |
SEV-ES |
SEV-SNP |
CVE-2024-56161 |
Y |
Y |
Y |
Embedded
CVE |
AMD EPYC™ Embedded 3000 |
AMD EPYC™ Embedded 7002 |
AMD EPYC™ Embedded 7003 | AMD EPYC™ Embedded 9004 | |
CVE-2024-56161 |
7.2 (High) |
SnowyOwl PI 1.1.0.F (Target May 2025) |
EmbRomePI-SP 3 1.0.0.D (2024-12-24) |
EmbMilanPI-SP3 1.0.0.A (2024-12-24) |
EmbGenoaPI-SP5 1.0.0.9 (2024-12-24) |
Acknowledgement
AMD thanks Josh Eads, Kristoffer Janke, Eduardo’ Vela” Nava, Tavis Ormandy and Matteo Rizzo from Google® for submitting the report and engaging in coordinated vulnerability disclosure.
Revisions
Revision Date |
Description |
| 2025-04-07 | Added “Zen5” as an affected product Corrected CVE ID in the Server product table |
2025-03-21 |
Updated Embedded product table |
| 2025-02-28 | Updated Embedded product table |
2025-02-03 |
Initial publication |
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